View All Analysis | Jan. 12, 2021, 12:48 p.m.

Browse our analysis section for news and articles on topics such as China's Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR), the world's evolving digital infrastructure competition, and the stakes for U.S. policy.

Gwadar: China's Potential Strategic Strongpoint in Pakistan | Sept. 28, 2020, 11:21 a.m.

This case study of Gwadar port, part of a series on China’s Indian Ocean “strategic strongpoints” (战略支点), reveals that while Gwadar may one day serve as a major platform for China’s economic, diplomatic, and military interactions across the region, as of August 2020 it remains largely underdeveloped and underutilized.

China Port Acquisition Stalled | Aug. 31, 2020, 9:04 a.m.

Acquisition of a French shipping portfolio by China Merchants Port Holdings, a Chinese state-owned enterprise known for its controversial acquisition of Sri Lanka's Hambantota port, has been stalled by the Indian and Vietnamese governments in a bid to protect ports in Gujarat and Ho Chi Minh City.

Greece Courts Chinese Investment | Aug. 18, 2020, 9:20 a.m.

Amid economic contraction, Greece’s government has increasingly turned to China for investment in power transmission, an underwater link, and the seaport of Piraeus, Nikkei reports.

China Invests in Colombo Port | July 10, 2020, 8:06 a.m.

Sri Lankan President Rajapaksa announced that his government plans to strengthen Chinese investment in the Colombo port, straining relations with India, who was originally authorized to develop and use the new East Container Terminal, Nikkei reports.

BRI Debt Concerns Rise in Djibouti | April 27, 2020, 9:48 a.m.

Djibouti has become a linchpin in China's Belt and Road Initiative, but the U.S. is concerned that the financial toll of Covid-19 may increase Djibouti's risk of falling into a "debt trap" created by high-levels of Chinese lending, Nikkei reports.

Gwadar Port City Criticized | March 2, 2020, 9:32 a.m.

The Gwadar Smart Port City Masterplan, part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, has attracted criticism due to lack of transparency and aims that some experts call unrealistic. The plan estimates over 2000 percent population growth by 2050 and will require more than $648 million for basic infrastructure alone, Nikkei reports.

China to Build Myanmar Port | Jan. 21, 2020, 9:35 a.m.

China and Myanmar signed 33 agreements during President Xi's visit to the Southeast Asian country, including a deal for the construction of a deep-sea port at Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone, which will give China access to the Indian Ocean, Nikkei reports.

Ports & Fishing on China’s Maritime Silk Road | Jan. 7, 2020, 10:39 a.m.

During the second annual CSIS Ocean Security Forum on January 7, 2020, a panel of experts discussed the implications of China's port investments along its Maritime Silk Road on regional ocean sustainability, sovereignty, and security. Watch the full discussion below.

Xi Visits BRI Port in Greece | Nov. 14, 2019, 10:59 a.m.

Chinese president Xi Jinping's visited Greece's Port of Piraeus on Monday, where the port's operator, Chinese state-owned shipping company COSCO, is set to invest another $661 million. Xi's trip underscored China's intent to continue expanding its footprint in Europe through its Belt and Road Initiative despite skepticism, Nikkei reports.

$1.5 Billion Hambantota Port Attracts Business | Oct. 30, 2019, 9:25 a.m.

Commercial activity has increased at Sri Lanka's Hambantota Port since the controversial 2017 deal that gave China an 85% stake and 99-year lease, and China says it intends for the port to become a South Asia hub, Nikkei reports.

Congressional Testimony: China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative | Oct. 17, 2019, 2 p.m.

Six years after Chinese president Xi Jinping announced the “Maritime Silk Road” Initiative, China is increasingly dominant in the maritime supply chain and the production activities that support it. This deeper maritime foundation brings commercial advantages during peacetime and could offer strategic advantages in the event of conflict. Congress has a vital role to play in addressing these challenges.

Azerbaijan’s Port on China’s Road | Sept. 4, 2019, 10:34 a.m.

Descriptions of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) often center on China’s agency in other countries—its investments, loans, and even soft-power. However, Azerbaijan’s Baku International Sea Trade Port in Alat, a retroactively labeled “BRI” infrastructure project, is anything but centrally controlled by China.

U.S.-Australian Team Eyes Philippine Port | July 26, 2019, 9:36 a.m.

An Australian and U.S. consortium are in exclusive talks to renovate the Subic Bay shipyard in the Philippines, a former U.S. naval base that opens up to the South China Sea, allaying fears over national security that were triggered by Chinese interest in acquiring the port, Nikkei reports.

Cambodia: Pentagon Flags BRI Port | July 23, 2019, 11:39 a.m.

A senior Pentagon official has suggested that China may be developing a military presence at Ream naval base in Cambodia, raising concerns that the port and other investments related to China's Belt and Road Initiative could create potential military advantages, Nikkei reports.

China Leads Myanmar Infrastructure Spike | July 18, 2019, 9:49 a.m.

Foreign investment, led by China, in transportation and telecommunications quadrupled to $1 billion in the last six months as Myanmar approved a number of infrastructure projects, Nikkei reports.

AIIB Misses Lending Goal | July 15, 2019, 9:55 a.m.

China Fuels Cambodian Construction | July 11, 2019, 10:01 a.m.

Japan Revamps Myanmar Port | July 8, 2019, 9:12 a.m.

Japan will announce a new plan for Mynamar's Dawei special economic zone that focuses on building a port that will export to India. The proposal comes as China is building and financing Kyaukphyu port, increasing its economic influence in the country, reports Nikkei.

BRI Boosts China-Cambodia Ties | July 1, 2019, 9:28 a.m.

Assessing the Risks of Chinese Investments in Sub-Saharan African Ports | June 5, 2019, 4:56 p.m.

Forming the backbone of China’s “Maritime Silk Road,” investments in African ports provide a gateway to the region’s trade and economic development, empower China with political leverage and clout on the continent, and provide a foothold for People’s Liberation Army Navy activities.

Italy, China’s Latest Gateway to Europe | May 7, 2019, 9:03 a.m.

The signing of an MoU during a March 22-24 by Chinese president Xi Jinping has made Italy the first G7 nation to join China's sprawling Belt and Road Initiative, but Rome will be wise to devote sustained long-term resources to the negotiation, implementation, and follow-up of whatever comes out of these memoranda to avoid the mistakes of other BRI partners.

Thailand Commits $2.78 Billion to Port | April 1, 2019, 9:22 a.m.

Thailand's government will invest $2.78 billion in Laem Chabang port, the core of Thailand's Eastern Economic Corridor. The Thai government hopes to position the deep-water port to compete with Singapore and Hong Kong, reports Nikkei.

China Operating Trieste Port Concerns EU | March 25, 2019, 9:04 a.m.

China Communications Construction has signed an agreement to operate the northern Italian port of Trieste. Combined with Piraeus in Greece, Sines in Portugal and Valencia in Spain it could form a new Chinese-controlled logistics network capable of redesigning Europe's industrial chains, reports Nikkei.

China Wary of Saudi Refinery at Gwadar | Jan. 29, 2019, 9:15 a.m.

Saudi Arabia plans to build Pakistan's largest oil refinery near Gwadar port, the flagship project of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The oil refinery, part of Saudi Arabia's new commitment to invest $15 billion in Pakistan over the next three years, could fuel competition with Beijing for economic leverage given China's significant investment there under CPEC, reports the Nikkei Asian Review.

Influence and Infrastructure | Jan. 22, 2019, 9:43 a.m.

With an eye toward illuminating current issues, this report draws from examples throughout history of how states use foreign infrastructure to advance strategic objectives. It shows how China is updating and exercising tactics used by Western powers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how these issues, and the strategic implications they carry, are likely to intensify in the coming years.

$1.7B Thai Port Project Attracts Bidders | Nov. 28, 2018, 9:17 a.m.

Multiple companies have expressed interest in bidding for the $1.7 billion worth of contracts to expand the Map Thaput port into a major deep sea port -- part of a larger infrastructure drive to create a huge economic and business center in the east of the country.

$14B Projects Approved in Thailand | Oct. 31, 2018, 10:04 a.m.

The Thai government has approved four infrastructure megaprojects, worth a combined $14 billion, in an effort to rev up new investment in the country's Eastern Economic Corridor.

Vietnam To Expand Container Terminals | Oct. 11, 2018, 10:13 a.m.

Vietnam National Shipping Lines, the state-owned marine transporter known as Vinalines, won approval recently to build two large container terminals at Lach Huyen International Gateway Port in a $302 million project.

Myanmar, China Renegotiate BRI Port | Sept. 28, 2018, 9:17 a.m.

Myanmar and China renegotiated a BRI contract for the construction of Kyaukpyu deep-sea port, reducing Myanmar's financial burden. Construction will not proceed before certain demand conditions are met, according to the Nikkei Asian Review

Special Report: China's Belt and Road Initiative | Sept. 26, 2018, 8:44 a.m.

Although Beijing insists that its Belt and Road Initiative has no geopolitical motives, the project has been at the center of an increasing number of political controversies, foreign and domestic, writes the Financial Times in a Special Report, citing analyses from the Reconnecting Asia Project.

China's Port Presence Raises Concern | July 26, 2018, 8:41 a.m.

Concerns are being raised that China's port infrastructure push may be setting up debt traps, by lending money with a hidden goal of controlling the ports and turning them into military bases, according to the Nikkei Asian Review.

Indonesia Eyes Status as Maritime Hub | June 14, 2018, 9:56 a.m.

Indonesia’s President, Joko Widodo, is pushing to turn the country into a fulcrum of maritime trade along China’s Belt and Road initiative with a $50.6 billion plan to build up the maritime sector, including the development of 24 "strategic ports."

Japan Helps Build Indonesian Port | May 22, 2018, 10 a.m.

The port of Patimban, estimated to cost $3 billion, is going to be financed by a Japanese loan and may be built by a Japanese-Indonesian team. The port is envisioned to become a transport hub and alleviate problems for Japanese companies operating in the West Java industrial park.

Ports Under Heaven | May 3, 2018, 9:29 a.m.

A close look at the characteristics of China's port projects in the Indo-Pacific suggests that rather than resulting in "win-win" economic prosperity, they are generating political leverage, increasing Beijing’s military presence, and reshaping the strategic operating environment in China’s favor.

Report Launch: China’s Maritime Silk Road | April 16, 2018, 12:14 p.m.

A panel of CSIS experts unpack the economic and geostrategic implications of China’s infrastructure development across the Indo-Pacific region under the Maritime Silk Road, the littoral component of China's Belt and Road Initiative.

Russia and China in the Arctic | March 19, 2018, 10:46 a.m.

Quotes and Quotas is a digest of phrases and facts that help explain Asia’s infrastructure push.

Japanese Logistic Firm Teams With Chinese Port Operator | March 14, 2018, 9:30 a.m.

Nippon Express has agreed to partner with Shanghai International Port Group in an effort to broaden its reach beyond the big coastal cities in China.

Lessons from Hambantota | Feb. 5, 2018, 2:10 p.m.

Sitting in the Indian Ocean, Hambantota serves as a warning about the hazards of China’s global infrastructure push, which could make small economies dependent even while helping them develop. It also reveals the challenges that India, Japan and others, including the United States, face in mounting an effective response.

Myanmar Expands Thilawa Port | Dec. 22, 2017, 8:12 a.m.

Myanmar's rapid increase in trade is pushing the expansion of Thilawa port with the support from Japanese government.

China’s Balkan Silk Road | Nov. 20, 2017, 10:08 a.m.

The magnitude of the Balkan Silk Road project poses a mixture of opportunities and policy challenges for countries engaging in or seeking to benefit from its implementation.

Japan Lends $1B for Indonesian Port | Nov. 13, 2017, 9:13 a.m.

Japan agrees to lend Indonesia $1bn to develop the Patimban Port.

Delayed $10B Port in Myanmar Draws Criticism | Nov. 7, 2017, 9:16 a.m.

Long delays in the completion of the Chinese-led Kyaukpyu port in Myanmar have drawn criticisms about the project's viability.

India, China Compete for Access in Sri Lanka | Nov. 6, 2017, 10:07 a.m.

Mattala Airport in Sri Lanka, not far from the Chinese-operated Hambantota seaport, has become a point of contention in the wake of a $290 million offer from India to lease it.

China, Sri Lanka Talk Infrastructure in Beijing | Oct. 31, 2017, 2:22 p.m.

Quotes and Quotas is a weekly digest of powerful phrases and facts that help explain Asia’s infrastructure push.

China Is Increasing Investment in Regional Ports | Sept. 28, 2017, 10:13 a.m.

China Is Increasing Investment in Regional Ports | Sept. 28, 2017, 10:13 a.m.

Singapore's Exports Continue Rising | Sept. 18, 2017, 8:49 a.m.

Indonesia and the Philippines Seek Port Development | Sept. 1, 2017, 9:15 a.m.

Photo credit: GovernmentZA, Flickr/CC BY-ND 2.0

Malaysian Port Operator To Expand Container Terminal | Aug. 25, 2017, 9:10 a.m.

Malaysian port operator Westports Holdings has received government approval to expand its container terminal facilities. The proposed expansion can potentially increase the total handling capacity from 12 million TEUs to 30 million TEUs.